EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT
CYTOPLASMS ON QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS
IN MAIZE
Voichita Has, I. Has
Agricultural Research
Station, Turda,
Agriculturii 27 Street, P.C. 401100, Turda, Romania
tel. +40-264-311680; fax
+40-264-311792;
E-mail: hasvoichita@yahoo.com
The
study of cytoplasmic effects on the expression of quantitative characters is
important in learning about cytoplasmic-nuclear interactions and their
influence on breeding and genetic programs. The genotypes of six early-time
maize inbreds T 248, TC 243, TC 209, TB 367, A654, TC 102, T 291 were
backcrossed eight times into ten cytoplasms other than their own. Thus, each
cytoplasmic source of seed was assumed to have the same nuclear genotype. Five
characters were studied over two years and two locations. Significant
differences among the cytoplasms occurred for plant vigor, date of tasseling
and silking, stalk lodging resistance and kernel dry matter.
|
Pair no. |
Inbred genotype |
TC 209 |
T 291 |
T 248 |
TC 243 |
TB 367 |
TC 102 |
|
Cytoplasmic source |
% |
% |
% |
% |
% |
% |
|
|
1. |
Own cytoplasm |
61.1 |
32.6 |
68.6 |
68.0 |
66.1 |
42.6 |
|
2. |
T 291 |
61.0 |
x |
71.4 |
60.8 |
70.2 |
53.8** |
|
3. |
T 248 |
61.3 |
49.9** |
x |
68.8 |
69.6 |
59.1*** |
|
4. |
TC 243 |
55.0 |
30.7 |
66.4 |
x |
72.1* |
58.9*** |
|
5. |
A 654 |
61.3 |
56.7*** |
70.9 |
60.2 |
71.5 |
59.0*** |
|
6. |
TC 221 |
61.5 |
35.5 |
66.8 |
63.5 |
63.3 |
55.8** |
|
7. |
TC 102 |
55.4 |
41.4 |
67.1 |
69.9 |
70.5 |
x |
|
8. |
TC 209 |
x |
56.6*** |
69.0 |
65.5 |
71.4 |
44.2 |
|
9. |
K 1080 |
58.3 |
40.2 |
68.3 |
62.8 |
62.5 |
48.3 |
|
10. |
TC 316 |
60.2 |
30.7 |
58.800 |
64.7 |
74.9** |
40.4 |
|
|
LSD 5% |
9.0 |
9.9 |
7.0 |
10.7 |
5.8 |
7.9 |
|
|
1% |
12.0 |
13.4 |
9.4 |
14.6 |
7.8 |
10.7 |
|
|
0,1% |
15.8 |
17.7 |
12.4 |
19.5 |
10.3 |
14.1 |
Differences in grain yield among cytoplasms were not
significant, or their expression was of low magnitude, probably they have been
modified by interaction with environments. Differences that did exist were in
the direction expected on the basis of inbred performance. The results
indicated that differences in performance of the inbreds were not necessarily
an indication of cytoplasmic effects in hybrid combination. Results from these
experiments provide further support for cytoplasmic effects on some agronomic
characters in maize. They also emphasize that the environment can influence the
performance of cytoplasm from one year to another.